Article Title

Publication Outlet

“Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria: Implications for Service Delivery” by Amadi, J. A. and Ndu, E. C.

This paper sought to establish the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and profitability of Nigerian banks; as well as its implications for service delivery (SD). Corporate philanthropy was used as the only dimension of CSR; while profit after tax (PAT)was used to measureprofitability. Using data from annual reports of five topmost banks in Nigeria (FBN, Zenith Bank, GTbank, UBA and Access bank); and the ordinary least square regression technique for data analysis, it was found that there is positive and significant relationship between CSR and Profitability; with far-reaching implications for SD. Based on this, it was concluded that banks in Nigeria can improve their profitability and SDthrough improved CSR practices. The study recommended that banks should view CSR as a means of achieving some corporate objectives such that CSR practices should be properly integrated into their operations;they should not limit their CSR practices to corporate philanthropy alone; regulatory bodies should be empowered to maintain international standards; they should develop proper framework for implementation of CSR programmes so as to execute programmes that have direct bearing on the needs of the people.

Keywords: Corporate Performance, Corporate Philanthropy, Ethical Responsibilities, Profitability, Profit after tax, Stakeholder theory.

International Organization of Scientific Research - IOSR Journal of Business Management, Vol. 19, No 11.            Doi: 10.9790/487X-1911036475

Implications of Methodology and Study Setting Triangulation in Organizational Behaviour Research in Nigeria. By Olu-Daniels, S. O and Ndu, E. C.,

The implications of methodology and study setting triangulation in organisational behaviour (OB) were explored in this study. Triangulation continues to be a subject of interest amongst researchers; especially in OB. This paper identified six implications for OB research; some of which include - acceptable methodology as a pre-condition; triangulation as an “outside the window” contrivance; triangulation as a promoter of research findings validity; and thatthe expend of cost and time will be more than compensated for by the resultant acceptability and validity of the research findings. It was concluded that the choice of methods for carrying out OB research has a telling effect on the acceptability and validity of the findings, stressing the need for triangulation. Consequently, it was recommended thatOB research can be enhanced through improved methodological triangulation. This can be achieved with a diligent examination of the current trends in OB research and applying same.

Keywords: Generalizable outcomes, Interdisciplinary triangulation, Outside-the-window considerations, Research validity, Robust outcomes.

International Organization of Scientific Research - IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol. 22, No 8 Doi: 10.9790/0837-2208148090

Impact of Globalization on Environment and Local Economies. By Ndu, E. C. and Amah, E.

This paper investigated the impact of globalization on environment and local economies with particular reference to Nigeria. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of globalization on environmental pollution in Nigeria; as well as analyze the impact of globalization on gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Nigeria. It was hypothesized that globalization has no impact on environmental pollution in Nigeria; and that globalization has no impact on the GDP growth rate in Nigeria. Using secondary data obtained from the CBN statistical bulletin and econometric model analysis, it was found that trade openness, and population growth have significant and positive effective on the environment, while foreign direct investment and population growth rate have positive impact on Nigeria’s economy; though the effect is not significant in influencing economic growth. The study concluded that globalization does not have significant positive impact on the environment and economic growth of Nigeria. It has only contributed to worsening both the environment and economy of Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommended that the government should take proactive measures to curtail these negative effects of globalization such as diversifying the economy from a mono and oil dependent economy; value re-orientation of the citizenry so as to discourage them from consumption of foreign goods at the expense of locally made goods; and as well enforce laws that will protect and sustain the environment.

KEYWORDS: Environmental Pollution, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Globalization, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Population Growth Rate, Trade Openness.

Journal of Business and Economy, Vol. 9, No2, pp 151-169. Publishedby Department of Accounting, University of Port Harcourt. www.uniportjab.net

Inventory Control and Performance of Cement Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria. By Opusunju, M. I. and Ndu, E. C.

This study evaluated the impact of inventory control on the performance of cement manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study sought to find out how inventory (raw materials, work in progress and finished goods) enhances performance (sales volume). The problem of the study was that of inefficient and ineffective inventory control in the cement manufacturing companies in Nigeria. This has become a major threat to their performance leading to dwindling production and sales; declining customers’ loyalty and switching of customers to competitors; with the resultant effect of poor earnings. Five quoted cement companies in Nigeria formed the population; out of which 3 were chosen as the sample using the purposive sampling technique. The Ordinary Least Square regression model was adopted for the analysis. The findings revealed that inventory is statistically significant in achieving high performance. It also revealed that raw materials, work in progress and finished goods significantly contribute to high sales volume. The study therefore recommends that cement manufacturing companies in Nigeria should monitor and control their inventory levels (in terms of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods) efficiently; so as to maintain the right mix that can be used to achieve significant increases in sales volume.

Keywords: Inventory, raw material, work-in-progress, finished goods and sales volume

West African Journal of Business and Management Sciences (Nigerian Edition), Vol. 6, No 2, pp 123-133. Published by Faculty of Business Administration, Imo State University, Owerri. www.imsubiznessjournals.net

Managerial Skills Development and Organizational Profitability of Manufacturing Firms in Port Harcourt. By Ndu, E. C. and Alaboemi, P.

This study focused on managerial skills development (MSD) and organizational profitability (OP) of manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. The purpose was to establish if the dimensions of MSD had any relationship with OP. Three hypotheses guided the study. These hypotheses were tested using Spearman’s rank order correlation technique at a significant level of 0.05. Using a sample of 132 managers drawn from 12 companies, the researchers found that conceptual skills development and technical skills development have no significant relationship with profitability. Meanwhile a moderate significant relationship exists between human skills development and profitability. Based on this, it was concluded that in addition to MSD, other factors like economic, social, political, etc. contribute to determine the OP of manufacturing firms. Hence, the study recommended that Organizations should continue to encourage MSD programmes in spite of the perceived little influence it has on OP. In doing this, particular attention should be paid to HSD since the study has proven that it has the potential of boosting profitability. In addition to MSD, managers should equally be trained on information management skills. This will help them to proactively manage complexities in the business environment that are likely to impact negatively on the organization.

Keywords: Managerial skills development, Technical Skills, Human skills, Conceptual Skills, Performance, Profitability.

FUO Journal of Business and Finance Vol. 7, No 2, pp 239-254. Published byDirectorate of Entrepreneurship Federal University Otueke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. www.fuojournals.net

Game Theory and Investment Decision Making in the Port Harcourt Tourism Industry. By Ndu, E. C and Anyanwu, S. A. C. (PhD).

This paper examined the impact of game theory (GT) on investment decision making (IDM) in the Port Harcourt Tourism industry. The purpose was to establish if GT had any impact on IDM under conditions of uncertainty and risk. This gave rise to two research hypotheses which stated that GT has no significant impact on IDM under uncertainty as well as under risk. Data was generated from fifty-two top managers of ten tourism organizations in Port Harcourt through a questionnaire developed by the researchers; and analysed using the Spearman’s rank order correlation technique. The result showed that GT has a positive and significant impact on IDM under conditions of both uncertainty and risk. The study concluded that GT can be used to improve the quality of investment decisions.The implication of this is that game theoretic model can be used to maneuver the uncertainties and complexities that characterize investment decision making in the tourism industry. Thus, GT provides decision makers strategic options where competitive behaviors can be copied and modeled; and perceptibly help to reduce business risk. Based on these, the study recommended that organizations can use GT in making investment / strategic decisions both under conditions of uncertainty and risk.While doing this, they should beware of the likely choices and payoffs of other players who possibly will think ahead and take into account their strategy as well. This should call for flexibility of actions and plans in order to cushion the effect of such unfavorable decisions by competitors.

Keywords: Business risk, Competition, Uncertainty, Risk, Strategy, Strategic Decision Payoff.

Journal of Management and Social Sciences, Vol.6, No1, pp 89-102.Published by Hezekiah University. www.unihezjournal.org

Operations Control Systems and Entrepreneurial Success in the Hotel Industry by Ndu, E. C. and Onuoha, B. C (Professor).

This paper sought to establish the relationship between operations control systems (OCSs) and entrepreneurial success (ES) of hotels in Port Harcourt. The purpose was to ascertain if OCSs had any influence on two chosen measures of ES – Profitability and Market Share. It was hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between OCSs and the measures of ES. Using a sample of 102 top managers selected from 20 entrepreneurial hotels in Port Harcourt, data was gathered for the study and analyzed. It was found that there is a significant and positive relationship between OCSs and the measures of ES. It was concluded that OCSs can be used to ensure that day to day operations conform to established standards and objectives; so that outcome expectations can be met. This is however dependent on the antecedents of entrepreneurship and level of dynamism in the organization. Based on these, it was recommended that: hotels and hotelier entrepreneurs should use OCSs to determine their training and developmental needs; they should identify and establish OCSs that are peculiar to their needs and are flexible enough to adapt to environmental and operational changes; Hotels should endeavor to use trainings, competent leadership, motivation, discipline and even termination (where necessary) to ensure the effectiveness of their OCSs; In order to encourage the effectiveness of OCSs, hotels should use feedback mechanisms to regularly let employees know if their activities are in line with acceptable standards.

keywords: Effectiveness, Entrepreneurial Antecedents, Feedback Mechanisms,Management Control Systems, Market Share,  Level of dynamism, Profitability.

International Journal of Hospitality, Leisure and Tourism, vol.1, No 1, pp 147-159. Published by the Department of Hospitality Management and Tourism, University of Port Harcourt.

Facility Location and Corporate Effectiveness of Hotels in Port Harcourt By Ndu, E. C

This study sought to examine the influence of facility location (FL) on corporate effectiveness (CE) of Hotel in Port Harcourt. The study was guided by three research questions and it was hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between the measure of FL (adequate security) and dimensions of corporate effectiveness (profitability, and customer retention).Asample of sixty-two managers was drawn from hotels in Port Harcourt using the cluster sampling technique. Spearman’s rank order correlation (Rho) was used in testing the hypotheses at 95% level of confidence. It was found that there is a very low positive and insignificant relationship between adequate security and profitability; and there is a moderate positive an significant relationship between adequate security and customer retention. Based on these, it was concluded that although some levels of relationship exist between FL and CE, care need to be taken in interpreting and implementing the result. Firms can use FL to improve their CE by paying attention to other factors that may influence CE alongside adequate security. Consequently, the study recommended that hotels should involve FL experts when carrying out site analysis. This will help to integrate factors that will enhance the quality of the final location decision. Hotels should collaborate with different businesses in their environment to provide an acceptable level of security.

Keywords:    Corporate Objectives, Customer Retention, Employee Turnover, Hospitality Industry, Profitability and Security.

West African Journal of Business and Management Sciences (Nigerian Edition), Vol. 6, No 1, pp 117-130. Published by Faculty of Business Administration, Imo State University, Owerri. www.imsubiznessjournals.net

The Relevance of Sensitivity Analysis in the Investment Decision Making of Port Harcourt Investment Houses: An Empirical Investigation ByNdu, E. C. and Anyanwu, S. A. C (PhD).

This paper investigated the relevance of sensitivity analysis (SA) in investment decisions (IDs). Its purpose was to identify the relevance (if any) of SA in IDs. Two research questions guided the study: “Is SA relevant in IDs”? and “What is the relevance of SA in IDs”? The study sample comprised twenty-six managers of thirteen investment houses in Port Harcourt; drawn through the judgmental sampling technique. The study adopted mean and standard deviation techniques to answer the research questions. The result showed that SA is relevant in IDs. The relevance stems from the fact that among other things, it helps the ID maker know the influence that variations in a specific parameter will have on proposed IDs; as well as help the ID maker to ascertain which parameters are the significant drivers of the ID model’s results. Based on these, it was concluded that SA is very important in IDs; and should be utilized to improve on the quality of IDs. It was recommended among other things that ID makers should always develop SA models to further analyse their IDs; and the outcome of such modelling should be used to make informed decisions.

Keywords: Business Environment, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), Pay Back Period (PPB),Risk and Uncertainties

Journal of Management and Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No1, pp 254-270. Published by Rhema University. www.rhemauniversityjournals.net

Research Implications of Data and Theory Triangulation in Operations Research Investigations. By Ndu, E. C. and Eketu, C. A (PhD).

This paper sought to establish and validate the research implications of data and theory triangulation in operations research (OR) investigations. Two research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Using the descriptive survey design, with triangulated methodologies (Data and Theory) and a sample of 32 OR lecturers, the study found that: both data and theory triangulations have significant and far-reaching research implications in OR investigations. Based on these, it was concluded that data and theory triangulations are effective tools for OR investigations; and that no research effort in OR is complete without a measure of data and theory triangulation. Although the study may have been limited by the relative small sample size used, it highlighted some implications. These include among other things that, there is need for a ‘paradigm shift’ from the ‘hard core’ quantitative lining of most OR investigators to a triangulated paradigm. Hence the study recommended that OR investigators should endeavour to apply data and theory triangulation in their research efforts; they should view and practice triangulation (Data and Theory) as a modern global approach to research; data and theory triangulation techniques should first be studied and understood before applying them so as to avoid the possible drawbacks of their wrong application.

KEYWORDS: Cognitive Process, Fallibilism, Paradigm Shift, Research   Methodology, Triangulation of Methodologies.

Reiko International Journal of Social and Economic Research. December 2016. Vol.10, No 2a (Special Edition) pp 29-44. www.reikojournals.org

Corporate Religion and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Rivers and Bayelsa States, Nigeria. By Ndu, E. C. and Sylva, W.

This study sought to establish how the spirit of corporate religion (CR) can be injected into African work organizations (A focus on Manufacturing firms) as a measure of improving efficiency and effectiveness. Two research questions were asked and answered. It was hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between CR and operational efficiency; and that there is no significant relationship between CR and overall effectiveness. Using a sample of seventy-five managers drawn from manufacturing firms in Rivers and Bayelsa States, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between CR and operational efficiency; and that there is a positive and significant relationship between CR and overall effectiveness. Based on this, it was concluded that, firms can use CR to improve their efficiency and effectiveness if they adopt the process steps itemized in the body of this work. Consequently, the study recommended that manufacturing firms should learn to articulate concise and well-defined visions; and as well develop corporate cultures that represent their desired values and beliefs; organizational members should be encouraged to own these visions and propagate them to the external environment so as to form a bond of integrated believers in their organization and reach brand heaven (brand religion brand); they should use the created brand heaven to achieve and strengthen their desired market position as well as a strategy for survival and improvement in operational efficiency and overall effectiveness.

Keywords:   African Manufacturing Firms, Brand Heaven, Brand Religion Brand, Corporate Culture, Operational Efficiency and Overall Effectiveness.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Social Sciences and Strategic Management Techniques, Vol. 3 No2, pp 167-184

Tangible Culture and Inbound Tourism: Lessons from Kalabari Community of Rivers State, Nigeria. By Ndu, Eugene C. and Asiegbu, Ucheoma A.

This paper examined the role of Tangible Culture Conservation (TCC) in the enhancement of Inbound Tourism (IT); which has been acclaimed a major source of foreign earnings. It focused on how the rich and diverse cultural heritage of Nigeria can be efficiently harnessed for economic diversification and growth. Two research questions guided the study; while it was hypothesized that ‘there is no significant relationship between TCC and positive impact of IT’, and ‘there is no significant relationship between TCC and negative impact of IT’. Due to the richness of her culture, the Kalabari community was chosen for the study; and a sample of 399 was randomly selected using the Taro Yamane formula. Data was generated both from the primary and secondary sources using a questionnaire and relevant literature respectively. The Spearman rank order correlation (rho) aided the analysis which showed a high positive relationship between TCC and the positive impact of IT and a low positive relationship between TCC and the negative impact of IT. It was concluded that TCC when properly packaged and marketed can boost IT and grow the economy. The study recommended the resuscitation, development, conservation and promotion of the Nigerian cultures for greater economic benefits.

Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Economic Diversification, Foreign Earnings, Culture Resuscitation, Culture Promotion and Tourism Export.

Published in HATMAN Journal, 2016

Family Business and Succession Planning. By Onuoha, B.C (Professor), Oshi, J. E. O and Ndu, E. C.

Chapter Contribution in Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management. Edited by B. Onuoha and S. Egbe. Published by University of Port Harcourt Press

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Business Process Re-engineering. of Hotels in Port Harcourt. By Ndu, E. C. and Obiora, J. N.

This paper sought to ascertain the worthiness of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) in the Port Harcourt hotel industry. Drawing a sample of 156 registered 3-5star hotels in Port Harcourt Nigeria, it was hypothesized that there is no significant difference between the costs and benefits of BPR. Using the Z-test for the difference between means at a 0.05 level of significance, it was found that there is no significant difference between the costs and benefits of BPR, even though the benefits outweighed the cost. It was concluded that BPR may be a worthwhile exercise if it implemented with necessary precautions and perhaps supervision. That is to say that BPR is not an automatic means of achieving the benefits outlined in the study. Consequently, organizations that wish to use it to achieve significant increase in efficiency and effectiveness; reduce overhead cost;make jobs more meaningful; achieve flexibility and adaptation to the environment; business growth; quality service delivery; increased business strength and reliability; as well as achieve broadened scope of operations should first weigh the cost and sundry implications.  It was recommended that BPR could be used to achieve these outcome benefits. However, care must be takento ensure that necessary precautions are taken before embarking on the exercise. Such as preceding the process with strategic planning; placing the customer at the center of the reengineering effort; recourse to corporate culture; constant communication and feedback should; making the process to be owned throughout the organization; and setting up specific time frames for the exercise so as to avoid throwing the organization into a state of "limbo".

Keywords: Cost-effectiveness, Improved Efficiency, Re-thinking and Re-design.

International Journal of Advanced Studies in Economics and Public Sector Management, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 68-80 www.internationalpolicybrief.org

Product Design and Organizational Effectiveness in the Port Harcourt Hospitality Industry. By Ndu, E. C. and Ademe, Doris Thompson.

This empirical paper sought to establish the relationship between product Design (PD) (with product quality (PQ) as its sole dimension) and organizational effectiveness (OE), measured by profitability (P), Customer Retention (CR) and Employee Turnover (ET). Three research hypotheses guided the study – there is no significant relationship between PQ and P; there is no significant relationship between PQ and CR; there is no significant relationship between PQ and ET. Using the survey design method and a sample of 82 hotel managers for the analysis, the researchers found that: there is a significant and moderately positive relationship between PQ and P; there is a significant and strong positive relationship between PQ and CR; there is a significant and low negative relationship between PQ and ET. Based on these, it was concluded that PD influences OE. Consequently, it was recommended that hotels should continually design products that impact positively on corporate effectiveness; Corporate culture should include practices that discourage employee turnover; Employees that remain committed to their jobs even when products design place increased demand on them should be given some incentives to encourage them; hotels should be innovative and creative in their products and services so as to make them look attractive and qualitative to customers; and finally that hotels should continually get feedback from customers on the quality of their products/services so as to know what quality actually mean to them.

Keywords: Product design, product quality, organizational effectiveness, profitability, customer retention and employee turnover.

Reiko International Journal of Social and Economic Research. March 2015. Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 97-107. www.reikojournals.org

The Role of Mission Statement in Strategic Marketing Planning: An Assessment and Validation. By Ndu, E. C., Ifionu, E. P. and Ademe, D. T.

This paper examined The Role of Mission Statement in Strategic marketing Planning. It identified the components and benefits of strategic marketing plan (SMP) and Mission statement (MS). A synchronization of the two concepts reveals that SMP cannot be done without recourse to the mission statement. In fact, it is the beginning point of the whole process. Therefore its role in SMP stems from the fact that it forms the basis for the articulation, development, implementation and evaluation of the plan. Therefore it was concluded that since it may not be feasible to plan in a vacuum, the mission statement gives a sense of direction to the whole process of the SMP. The paper finally recommended that before attempting SMP, the mission statement should be thoroughly digested; Marketing strategists should only plan in line with the mission statement; otherwise, they should not because such an attempt will only amount to an exercise in futility; and that When marketing plans fail, strategists should go back to the mission statement.

Keywords: Mission, Statement, Strategy, Marketing and Planning.

West African Journal of Business and Management Sciences, September 2014 (Special Edition). Vol. 3 No. 2A, pp. 196-204. www.imsubiznessjournals.org

The use of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) in Evaluating the Tourism Industry in Nigeria: Prospects andChallenges. By Umoh, G. I. and Ndu, E. C.

The Nigerian tourism industry boasts of potentials capable of generating significant investments toward economic development. However, these potentials are undeveloped as several factors militate against them. This paper applied the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) in evaluating the Nigerian tourism industry and proffered solutions accordingly. The following factors were found to be militating against tourism in Nigeria: Low level of demand mainly caused by poor perception of tourism in Nigeria; Inadequate publicity and negative media reports; Inadequate measures to attract private investors; Poor infrastructure/Insufficient tourism facilities; Poor manpower; Problem of land acquisition; Poor management information systems; Apathy of many Nigerians toward tourism; Security risk and Economic instability. Based on these, the paper concludes thatnecessary frameworks for structural change and adequate regulation will more effectively support the tourism industry. Consequently, the paper recommends among other things that owners and actors in the tourism sector should use diplomatic ties, foreign media, and business forums to attract foreign and local investors into the industry. Government should collaborate with stakeholders to develop adequate infrastructure that supports the industry’s growth. Prospective investors should be encouraged through incentives such as tax holidays, excise-duty-free grants, certificate of occupancies etc. Tourism related courses should not only be introduced in institutions of higher learning in the country but sponsored even abroad. International collaborations, joint military actions (JTF) and stakeholders’ involvement should be utilized in providing adequate security. Management teams should embark on active campaigns to encourage in-country tourism; while developing strategies for adequate tourism information management system.

International Journal of Business and Business management Review. September 2013. Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 111-127, www.ea-journals.org

Challenges of Managing in the Nigerian Hospitality Industry: A study of selected hotels in Port Harcourt. By Ndu E. C.

This empirical paper examined the challenges of managing in the Nigerian hospitality industry. Using the cluster and judgmental sampling techniques, a sample of 48 hotel managers were selected for the study. The mean and standard deviation techniques were used for analysis. The finding showed applicable internal factors to include poor technology; poor organizational culture and climate; inappropriate and inadequate human capital resources; lack of funds and material resources; low self-motivation of employees and organizational politics. While the external factors include poor economic policies; unfavourable labour laws; poor educational system; frequent government interference in the private sector; unfriendly host community; security risk of lives and properties; poor infrastructural development; unreliable communication network; unreliable power supply; high illiteracy rate; and poor societal culture. It was recommended that managers in the industry especially newer ones should be well acquainted with these challenges so as to learn ways of overcoming them and proactively taking advantage of them; they should form forums  for analyzing these problems and proffering lasting solutions to them; Such forums should engage experts in the field who can combine both technical and industrial experience to proffer lasting solutions; Industry members should form public private partnerships in aggregating resources together to combat these problems; Foreign investors should not be wooed for investment purposes only but should be allowed to bring in technical expertise and financial assistance in the management of the industry. Industry managers should form alliances and cooperative societies so as to pull resources together in overcoming some of these challenges.

Keywords: Management, Challenges,    Industry, Hospitality, Environment and Effectiveness.

Journal of Management Sciences, Vol. 1, No 1, University of Port Harcourt.

Creativity, Innovation and Workplace Success by Ndu, E. C. and Obiyo, B. C.

This paper examined Creativity, Innovation and Workplace Success. Being a conceptual paper, its purpose was to examine how creativity and Innovation can be used to cope with contemporary business challenges and improve on workplace success. In doing this, some of the associated challenges were found to include Organizational bureaucracy and red tape; Poor national culture; Poor organizational culture; Inadequate training and motivation; Poor skills; Lack of self-motivation; Change resistance; Risk averseness; etc. The study revealed that for creativity and innovation to flourish, organizations must create an environment that foster creativity; bringing together multi-talented groups of people who work in close collaboration together- exchanging knowledge, ideas and shaping the direction of the future. Some of the principles that help facilitate this, were equally outlined. The study concluded that everyone has creative abilities and can improve on it. Consequently, it was recommended that managers and organizational leaders should be creative and innovative minded. They should endeavour to create the atmosphere for team and organizational members to acquire these skills. In doing this they should endeavour to apply the tested and proven principles outlined in the body of this work. They should use both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards to motivate creativity and innovation in the work place. They should lead by example i.e by being creative and innovative themselves.

Journal of the Faculty of Business Studies, 2011. Vol. 2, No. 1 & 2, pp.387-394           

Impact of Emotional Intelligence in Human Resources Management: The Nigerian Experience by Nwuche, C. A &Ndu, E. C.

This paper examined the Impact of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in the management of Nigerian Organizations. Being a contextual study, the purpose, was to identify the effects and challenges of applying emotional intelligence in the management of Nigerian organization; and proffer possible solutions. The findings showed that EI can be used as a veritable tool for coping with psychologically related problems like stress; especially among knowledge workers in Nigeria.  It can also help employees to be more productive and more successful; feel less stressed; have better relations with their customers, co-workers, boss etc;  have less time off work through sickness and feel more satisfied with their job. Some of the identified challenges in applying EI in the management of Nigerian organizations include: Problem of assessment; Most Nigerian organizations are still traditional in their approach to organizational management; Problems associated with cost of training Poor level of self-awareness among Nigerian workers; Cultural differences may affect the expected outcome; Problems associated with organizational culture and climate; Poor infrastructural development; and Illiteracy problems. Based on these the following recommendations were made: Management should understand that it is their responsibilities to ensure that organizational members are emotionally intelligent. To do this, the atmosphere has to be created and organizational members trained and encouraged to acquire the skills. Team leaders and managers should encourage their staff members to use EI to cope with workplace stress and other emotionally/psychologically related problems. Since the bottom-line of EI is self-management, Nigerian mangers are advised to encourage organizational members to develop self-management skills. In doing this, they should take cognizance of Ball’s strategies for career development and encourage that.

Journal of Business Studies, 2010.Vol. 12, No.2, pp.177-187.